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The overall goal of this course is to provide students with an understanding of the law in general and to raise awareness and general knowledge in the field of environmental law in Europe and in Italy.

In the 21st Century problems such as climate change, ozone depletion, biodiversity, and water and land pollution are a central part of international and national politics and policy. This course will consider in detail the legal and policy dynamics of environmental regulation and critically assesses the role that law has to play in regulating the environment. We will begin by considering key concepts such as theoretical perspective, and the transposition of such concepts into legal norms, studying the legal definition of environment. We emphasize the increasingly important role of principles such as sustainable development, prevention, precaution, "who ever pollutes must pay", and modification and correction of the pollution from the origin, by which the law might be judged and further developed. We will then examine regulatory philosophies and mechanisms, ranging from traditional regulatory approaches such as private civil liability through public mechanisms such as fiscal instruments, criminal sanctions and self-regulation. We will continue considering a range of sectoral issues within environmental law, including pollution and development control, biodiversity conservation, risk assessment and management, waste and wastewater regulations, air emissions, biotechnology pollution, as well as issues relevant to environmental litigation such as public participation, access to information, human rights, and environmental citizenship. The bases for our path will be the texts of the relevant treaties, and legislative instruments, as well as the most important Italian Supreme Court and European Court of Justice decisions. Moreover, we will study the role played by agricultural activities (as the only eco-sustainable business that creates environment). Although the course uses most of the Italian environmental regulations and policy as a case study for examining issues of environmental law, the EC environmental law is the core of this course, however we will consider even international environmental law and we will draw upon examples from other jurisdictions. During the course it will be organized seminars with distinguished international and external speakers; professors and doctors will be invited to speak about their work and experience in the environmental field.

• 1.  (A) M. Lee Environmental law Hart Publishing, Oxford, 2005
• 2.  (C) L. Kramer Casebook on EU environmental law Hart Publishing, Oxford, 2002

• - Lectures
  - Exercises
  - Vision of audio-visual materials
  - Analysis of case studies

• The exam is oral. Consist of three general questions aimed to verify the knowledge of the student of the themes covered by the course and the suggested book.

English

English