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Int. J Plant Sci. 161(3):425–434. 2000.
© 2000 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.
1058-5893/2000/16103-0010$03.00
DOI: 10.1086/314262


    A Phylogenetic Study of Tribe Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae)

Ki-Ryong Park1 <#fn1> and

Wayne J. Elisens

Department of Biology, Kyung-Nam University, Masan 631-701, Korea; and
Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman,
Oklahoma 73019, U.S.A.

A phylogenetic investigation of a monophyletic lineage of spurge plants,
tribe Euphorbieae, was conducted to elucidate evolutionary
relationships, to clarify biogeographic patterns, and to reexamine the
previous classification of Euphorbieae. Cladistic analyses of the 52
morphological characters of 61 species resulted in 2922 equally most
parsimonious trees of 193 steps with a consistency index of 0.34. The
strict consensus tree indicates genus /Anthostema/ of subtribe
Anthosteminae as a likely sister group to all other members of tribe
Euphorbieae. The morphological data support a monophyletic origin of
subtribe Euphorbiinae, but the subtribes Anthosteminae and
Neoquillauminiinae did not form monophyletic groups. Although the
previous taxonomic treatments within tribe Euphorbieae have supported
the generic status of /Pedilanthus/, /Monadenium/, /Synadenium/,
/Chamaesyce,/ and /Elaeophorbia/, the results of this analysis do not
support generic placement of them based on cladistic principles.
Recognition of these groups as genera results in /Euphorbia/ becoming a
paraphyletic group. One solution to this problem in Euphorbieae is to
divide the largest genus /Euphorbia/ into several monophyletic genera
and to keep the generic ranks for previously recognized genera. The
distribution of basal endemic genera in Euphorbieae showed African and
east Gondwanan affinities and strongly indicated that the ancestor of
Euphorbieae originated prior to the breakup of Gondwanaland from an old
group in Euphorbiaceae. However, some recent African taxa of /Euphorbia/
should be interpreted by transoceanic dispersal from the New World
ancestors.

Manuscript received March 1999; revised manuscript received October 1999.


  Keywords:

phylogeny, Euphorbieae, morphology.

    *

      1 <#rid_fn1>Author for correspondence; e-mail park@kyungnam.ac.kr
      <mailto:park@kyungnam.ac.kr>.

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