The paper cannot be longer than 2,000 words, presented in a Word format, Times New Roman 12, interline spacing 1.5 and indicating the student's name and the words counting.

Topic for the exam session of June, 12th 2017 to be delivered by June, 7th 2017 to b.barbisan@gmail.com:

Privacy is a concept recurring in several constitutional systems. According to the case-law and the reading materials suggested, the student should explain in comparative perspective how it was introduced, what guarantees it expresses, what limitations it is submitted to, the similarities and differences in the several legal orders considered.

Topics for the exam session of June, 26th 2017 to be delivered by June, 21st to b.barbisan@gmail.com:

In many jurisdictions, judgments may present a majority opinion of the Court and concurring and/or dissenting opinions from some of the justices. In the cases we have analysed, the student is invited to look at the possible contribution that concurring or dissenting opinions may have brought to the development of the Court's jurisprudence.

Topic for the exam sessione of July, 14th 2017 to be delivered by July, 10th to b.barbisan@gmail.com:

Courts do not only apply constitutional norms, but they interpret them. One of the most impactful examples of this is the incorporation of certain clauses of the Bill of Rights in the XIV Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. Students are required to explain how the U.S. Supreme Court came up with the theory of incorporation, what this theory means and, from the judgments we dealt with, how this theory has been used to decide some of the cases and with what outcomes.